Warfarin induced spontaneous gastric intramural haematoma presenting with palpitations.

Spontaneous gastric intramural haematoma is an uncommon complication associated with anticoagulant therapy. A patient receiving chronic warfarin for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation was admitted due to atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response (RVR). An incidental intra-abdominal mass was detected on a CT scan. Following the initiation of the amiodarone infusion, the patient experienced bleeding attributed to warfarin-amiodarone-induced coagulopathy, with no identifiable bleeding source. Subsequent CT scans revealed an enlargement of the intra-abdominal mass, suggesting gastric intramural haematoma. After coagulopathy reversal, the haematoma is managed conservatively. Our case underscores the potential for incidental bleeding even when the international normalised ratio is within the normal range in patients on chronic warfarin therapy. When managing such patients with atrial fibrillation with RVR, physicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for bleeding, emphasising the importance of prompt coagulopathy reversal.

Metformin and Glucose Concentration as Limiting Factors in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Viability and Proliferation.

Metformin is a well-established drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes; however, the mechanism of action has not been well described and many aspects of how it truly acts are still unknown. Moreover, regarding in vitro experiments, the glycaemic status when metformin is used is generally not considered, which, added to the suprapharmacological drug concentrations that are commonly employed in research, has resulted in gaps of its mechanism of action. The aim of this study was to determine how glucose and metformin concentrations influence cell culture. Considering that diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes, a retinal pigment epithelial cell line was selected, and cell viability and proliferation rates were measured at different glucose and metformin concentrations. As expected, glucose concentration by itself positively influenced cell proliferation rates. When the metformin was considered, results were conditioned, as well, by metformin concentration. This conditioning resulted in cell death when high concentrations of metformin were used under physiological concentrations of glucose, while this did not happen when clinically relevant concentrations of metformin were used independently of glucose status. Our study shows the importance of in vitro cell growth conditions when drug effects such as metformin's are being analysed.

Reduced C-reactive protein levels after root canal treatment in clinically healthy young apical periodontitis individuals at cardiovascular risk. A prospective study.

AIM: To determine the systemic inflammatory burden, including hsCRP and its monomeric forms, in patients with apical lesions of endodontic origin treated with root canal treatment (RCT). METHODOLOGY: Prospective pre-/post-study. Apical periodontitis (AP) individuals aged 16-40 were included (N = 29). Individuals received RCT and were followed at 1 and 6 months. Fasting blood samples were obtained. Apical lesions of endodontic origin (ALEO) diameter (mm), and periapical index (PAI), were recorded. The serum concentrations of total hsCRP were determined by turbidimetry. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-1ß, and soluble (s) E-selectin were assessed by Multiplex assay. Additionally, mCRP forms were determined in the serum of AP patients with a baseline moderate to high cardiovascular risk based on hsCRP stratification (hsCRP ≥1 mg/L) by immunowestern blot (n = 15). Also, CRP isoforms were explored in ALEOs from AP individuals (n = 4). Data were analysed with StataV16. RESULTS: Periapical index and ALEO sizes were reduced at both follow-up visits after RCT (p < .05). Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1ß, and sE-selectin did not show significant differences. CRP was borderline reduced at 1 month (p = .04); however, in AP individuals at cardiovascular risk (hsCRP ≥ 1 mg/L), hsCRP and its monomeric isoform significantly decreased at 1 and 6 months (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: High-sensitivity CRP and mCRP are reduced after RCT in AP individuals at cardiovascular risk.

Refining Multilevel Barrier and Facilitator Measures for HIV Testing and PrEP Among Latino Sexual Minority Men.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to refine and establish measures of multilevel barriers and facilitators to HIV testing and PrEP for Latino sexual minority men (LSMM). DESIGN: Cross-sectional measure validation. SETTING: Participants from Miami, FL. SUBJECTS: 290 LSMM from the DÍMELO study. MEASURES: Based on prior qualitative work, we developed two measures that evaluated multiple determinants (i.e., barriers and facilitators) to (1) HIV testing and (2) PrEP use. ANALYSIS: All measures included in this analysis assessed a set of theoretically distinct barriers and facilitators. We performed 11 exploratory factor analyses (EFA) to assess the dimensionality of theoretical groupings of items informed by prior qualitative work, including: knowledge, perceived need and benefit, mistrust and concerns, stigma and normalization, cultural competence, navigation support, provider demeanor, clinic and medical system issues, privacy concerns, cost, and language and immigration barriers. Based on EFA results, we conducted two confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), one for each measure. RESULTS: Within each measure, the 11 EFAs extracted 10 barrier factors and 7 facilitator factors. The CFAs for HIV testing and PrEP measures were consistent, such that all models retained the structures identified in the EFAs. CONCLUSION: Findings support the use of these measures with LSMM. These measures can inform multilevel implementation strategies for health promotion professionals to scale up and disseminate HIV prevention services to LSMM.

Macro-AST as a cause of hypertransaminasemia: an uncommon entity but it exists

Macroenzymes are complexes formed by the binding of enzyme molecules to each other or to other plasma components. We report the clinical case of a woman with abnormal liver enzymes secondary to macro-AST. Macro-AST should be considered in the differential diagnosis as a cause of isolated AST elevation, thus avoiding unnecessary additional tests. (AU)

A Rare Presentation of Systemic Sclerosis.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a persistent autoimmune disorder. While it commonly impacts the cardiac valves, particularly the mitral valve, involvement of the aortic valve has been seldom documented. We report a case of a 47-year-old male with a history of progressive SSc who displayed complications related to cardiac issues, which were verified through a left atrial appendage biopsy revealing thickening due to fibrosis. This cardiac involvement led to a condition necessitating the replacement of the aortic valve due to aortic regurgitation. This instance underscores the importance of identifying this uncommon association, enabling the delivery of appropriate patient treatment, and reducing complications linked to the underlying condition.

Association of Periodontitis and Atopic Dermatitis with the Levels of IL-13, IL-31, and TSLP in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid.

Emerging epidemiological evidence links atopic dermatitis (AD) and periodontitis, although the mechanisms remain unclear. Th2-derived cytokines are key in the development of both diseases, and different gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) profiles among healthy and diseased subjects have been previously reported. This case-control study examined the GCF levels of interleukins (IL)-13, IL-31, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in 29 subjects with moderate-to-severe AD and 33 controls. All subjects underwent comprehensive clinical and oral evaluations, followed by GCF collection. GCF levels of IL-13, IL-31, and TSLP were assessed using a multiplex-bead immunoassay. Demographic and periodontal parameters were similar among groups (p > 0.05). The GCF levels of IL-31 and TSLP were higher in AD subjects compared to controls (p < 0.05), whereas no significant differences in the GCF levels of IL-13 were noticed (p = 0.377). Moderate-to-severe AD was positively associated with the GCF levels of IL-31 and TSLP, whereas severe periodontitis was negatively associated with IL-31 (p < 0.05). The GCF levels of IL-13 showed no significant associations with either condition (p = 0.689). There was no significant interaction between AD and periodontitis for IL-31 (p < 0.869). These results suggest that AD and periodontitis independently influence the GCF levels of IL-31 in opposing ways, whereas AD alone influences the levels of TSLP.

Intrinsic control of DRG sensory neuron diversification by Pten.

Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) modulates intracellular survival and differentiation signaling pathways downstream of neurotrophin receptors in the developing peripheral nervous system (PNS). Although well-studied in the context of brain development, our understanding of the in vivo role of PTEN in the PNS is limited to models of neuropathic pain and nerve injury. Here, we assessed how alterations in PTEN signaling affects the development of peripheral somatosensory circuits. We found that sensory neurons within the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in Pten heterozygous ( Pten Het ) mice exhibit defects in neuronal subtype diversification. Abnormal DRG differentiation in Pten Het mice arises early in development, with subsets of neurons expressing both progenitor and neuronal markers. DRGs in Pten Het mice show dysregulation of both mTOR and GSK-3ß signaling pathways downstream of PTEN. Finally, we show that mice with an autism-associated mutation in Pten ( Pten Y68H/+ ) show abnormal DRG development. Thus, we have discovered a crucial role for PTEN signaling in the intrinsic diversification of primary sensory neuron populations in the DRG during development.

Mixing Meds and Milk: Evaluation of a Performance Gap Intervention for Provider Education in Breastfeeding and Maternal Medication Use.

The need for maternal medications is a known barrier to breastfeeding. Though most medications are compatible with lactation, healthcare providers use abundant caution, often viewing medications and breastfeeding as mutually exclusive. A dual intervention of an educational webinar and access to a mobile app for lactation pharmacology was used to enhance provider familiarity, confidence, and access to knowledge in medication use during breastfeeding. Surveys were administered before, one week after, and three months after the webinar to evaluate performance gap improvement. Usage data of the mobile app was collected over twelve months to monitor topic engagement. Results suggested the interventions temporarily increased provider confidence in maternal medication use during lactation; however, the increase was not sustained at three months. Even with one-time training and lactation-specific mobile app access, simply providing an informational resource is insufficient to support evidence-informed care for lactating patients. Longitudinal training on evidence-based medication safety is critical to care for the lactating dyad.

Biosafety of mesoporous silica nanoparticles; towards clinical translation.

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have attracted the attention of chemists, who have developed numerous systems for the encapsulation of a plethora of molecules, allowing the use of mesoporous silica nanoparticles for biomedical applications. MSNs have been extensively studied for their use in nanomedicine, in applications such as drug delivery, diagnosis, and bioimaging, demonstrating significant in vivo efficacy in different preclinical models. Nevertheless, for the transition of MSNs into clinical trials, it is imperative to understand the characteristics that make MSNs effective and safe. The biosafety properties of MSNs in vivo are greatly influenced by their physicochemical characteristics such as particle shape, size, surface modification, and silica framework. In this review, we compile the most relevant and recent progress in the literature up to the present by analyzing the contributions on biodistribution, biodegradability, and clearance of MSNs. Furthermore, the ongoing clinical trials and the potential challenges related to the administration of silica materials for advanced therapeutics are discussed. This approach aims to provide a solid overview of the state-of-the-art in this field and to encourage the translation of MSNs to the clinic.

The pupillary dilation reflex to a nociceptive stimulus as a tool for analgesia management: A diagnostic study.

BACKGROUND: More than 70% of patients demonstrate pain after endotracheal aspiration. Tools are needed to objectify the need for analgesia in non-communicative critically ill patients. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify the lowest intensity electrical stimulus for detecting pain before daily care interventions. METHODS: Study of diagnostic tests to assess pupillometry to detect pain through the pupillary dilation response to noxious stimuli versus the Behavioural Pain Scale. Patients older than 18 years, under analgosedation, subjected to invasive ventilation, baseline Behavioural Pain Scale of 3, and Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale between -1 and -4 were studied. We assessed the Behavioural Pain Scale and the pupillary dilation response to 10, 20, 30, and 40 mA stimuli. We studied the diagnostic performance based on sensitivity and specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy of the selected points after the different stimulations. AlgiScan® Pupillometer measured the pupillary dilation response. The presence of pain was considered as a Behavioural Pain Scale score of ≥4. Significance was defined as p <0.05. RESULTS: Measurements were performed on 31 patients. In the 20 mA stimulus, we found an area under the curve of 0.85 (0.69-1.0). The cut-off point of pupillary dilation was 11.5%, with a sensitivity of 100% (34.2-100) and a specificity of 75.9% (57.9-87.8). This point had an accuracy of 77.4 (60.2-88.6) and a Youden's Index of 0.8. CONCLUSIONS: Pupillary variation measurement during a 20 mA stimulus could help assess the need for analgesia before potentially painful interventions. Further studies are needed to confirm this. REGISTRATION: Phase 1 of the project PUPIPAIN ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04078113.

Screening for Adolescent Risk Behaviors: Preliminary Evidence for a Family Functioning Tool.

BACKGROUND: Family functioning is associated with adolescent drug use, alcohol use, cigarette use, and sexual risk behaviors. Assessing adolescents for family functioning, commonly associated with multiple risk behaviors, may help identify adolescents at risk for adverse health outcomes. This study examined whether a latent family functioning construct, encompassing multiple dimensions of family functioning, was associated with adolescents' substance use and sexual risk behaviors. METHOD: This study used data harmonization with three intervention trials, including data from 1451 adolescents (M = 13.6, SD = 1.0), to perform a full-information item bifactor analysis on 46 family functioning items from five pre-existing family functioning measures. Regression analysis was used to examine the association between the identified subset of items and the following outcomes: cigarette use, alcohol use, drug use, and condom use. RESULTS: Bifactor analysis identified a 26-item latent family functioning construct. Regression analysis indicated that a 26-item latent family functioning construct was associated negatively with lifetime and past 90-day cigarette use, alcohol use, and drug use. CONCLUSION: In sum, the multi-dimensional latent family functioning construct may target specific barriers to risk screening in adolescent populations, including time constraint, hesitancy in discussing sensitive health topics, and use culturally appropriate and age-appropriate assessments.

Does Binge-Watching eHealth Intervention Content Impact Outcomes?

PURPOSE: Advancements in technology have made it possible to deliver parenting interventions online, known as eHealth interventions. Little is known about the rate at which parents participate in eHealth interventions, characteristics of parents who watch eHealth interventions at an accelerated pace (i.e., binge-watching), and if binge-watching impacts intervention outcomes. METHODS: The sample included 142 Hispanic parents who were randomly assigned to an eHealth family-based intervention and completed 100% of eight online, prerecorded and self-paced video group sessions delivered across 12 weeks. We examined baseline predictors (parent sociodemographic characteristics, report of child's externalizing behaviors, and family functioning) of watching group sessions in two weeks or less (n = 23, 16.2%). Using latent growth curve modeling, we tested the impact of binge-watching on the trajectory of adolescent drug use, condomless sex, and depressive symptoms across 36 months. We also examined the impact of binge-watching on changes in family functioning from baseline to 6 months postbaseline. RESULTS: Parents with high levels of education and of children with attention problems were more likely to binge-watch. Conversely, parents of children with conduct disorder symptoms were less likely to binge-watch. The trajectory of depressive symptoms increased for adolescents with parents who binge-watched the intervention, but the trajectory of condomless sex decreased. There was no impact on drug use. Binge-watching was also associated with decreases in parental monitoring. DISCUSSION: The findings of this study have implications for eHealth interventions; the pace that parents watch eHealth interventions may subsequently impact adolescent outcomes, such as condomless sex and depressive symptoms.

Pupillary dilation reflex and behavioural pain scale: Study of diagnostic test.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess the value of the pupillary dilation reflex as an assessment pain tool in critically ill patients. It is important to continue working for the well-being and security of critically ill patients. METHODS: We studied the diagnostic accuracy of the pupillary dilation reflex against the Behavioral Pain Scale. Inclusion criteria were: age greater than 18, receiving mechanical ventilation, with a basal score of the Behavioural Pain Scale of three and a Richmond Agitation and Sedation score between -1 and -4. We studied the responses to a non-painful stimulus, four calibrated stimuli, after a tracheal aspiration and with and without pain. The receiver operating curve was plotted and we calculated the area under the curve. We identified the cut-off points showing the highest sensitivity and specificity and studied diagnostic performance based on negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy. These were reported with their 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: 183 measurements were performed. An AUC of 0.88(95% CI 0.83-0.94) was obtained. The pupillary dilation reflex of 11.5% had a sensitivity of 89.8%(95% CI 78.2-95.6) and a specificity of 78.4%(95% CI 70.6-84.5) with an accuracy of 81.4(75.2-86.4). The pupillary dilation reflex detected nociceptive pain response in 15.8% of the measurements that did not show pain according to the Behavioural Pain Scale. CONCLUSIONS: Pupillometry may be a valid alternative for identifying pain in critically ill patients.

Phosphorus May Induce Phenotypic Transdifferentiation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells through the Reduction of microRNA-145.

Phosphorus is a vital element for life found in most foods as a natural component, but it is also one of the most used preservatives added during food processing. High serum phosphorus contributes to develop vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease; however, it is not clear its effect in a population without kidney damage. The objective of this in vivo and in vitro study was to investigate the effect of high phosphorus exposure on the aortic and serum levels of miR-145 and its effect on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMCs) changes towards less contractile phenotypes. The study was performed in aortas and serum from rats fed standard and high-phosphorus diets, and in VSMCs exposed to different concentrations of phosphorus. In addition, miR-145 silencing and overexpression experiments were carried out. In vivo results showed that in rats with normal renal function fed a high P diet, a significant increase in serum phosphorus was observed which was associated to a significant decrease in the aortic α-actin expression which paralleled the decrease in aortic and serum miR-145 levels, with no changes in the osteogenic markers. In vitro results using VSMCs corroborated the in vivo findings. High phosphorus first reduced miR-145, and afterwards α-actin expression. The miR-145 overexpression significantly increased α-actin expression and partially prevented the increase in calcium content. These results suggest that miR-145 could be an early biomarker of vascular calcification, which could give information about the initiation of the transdifferentiation process in VSMCs.

Lipopolysaccharides from Porphyromonas endodontalis and Porphyromonas gingivalis promote angiogenesis via Toll-like-receptors 2 and 4 pathways in vitro.

AIM: Angiogenesis contributes to the development of apical periodontitis, periodontitis, and other oral pathologies; however, it remains unclear how this process is triggered. The aim was to evaluate whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Porphyromonas endodontalis and Porphyromonas gingivalis induced angiogenesis-related effects in vitro via TLR2 and TLR4. METHODOLOGY: Porphyromonas endodontalis LPS (ATCC 35406 and clinical isolate) was purified with TRIzol, whereas P. gingivalis LPS was obtained commercially. The effects of the different LPS (24 h) in endothelial cell migration were analysed by Transwell assays, following quantification in an optical microscope (40×). The effects of LPS on FAK Y397 phosphorylation were assessed by Western blotting. Angiogenesis in vitro was determined in an endothelial tube formation assay (14 h) in Matrigel in the absence or presence of either LPS. IL-6 and VEGF-A levels were determined in cell supernatants, following 24 h treatment with LPS, and measured in multiplex bead immunoassay. The involvement of TLR2 and TLR4 was assessed with blocking antibodies. The statistical analysis was performed using STATA 12® (StataCorp LP). RESULTS: The results revealed that P. endodontalis LPS, but not P. gingivalis LPS, stimulated endothelial cell migration. Pre-treatment with anti-TLR2 and anti-TLR4 antibodies prevented P. endodontalis LPS-induced cell migration. P. endodontalis LPS promoted FAK phosphorylation on Y397, as observed by an increased p-FAK/FAK ratio. Both P. gingivalis and P. endodontalis LPS (ATCC 35406) induced endothelial tube formation in a TLR-2 and -4-dependent manner, as shown by using blocking antibodies, however, only TLR2 blocking decreased tube formation induced by P. endodontalis (clinical isolate). Moreover, all LPS induced IL-6 and VEGF-A synthesis in endothelial cells. TLR2 and TLR4 were required for IL-6 induction by P. endodontalis LPS (ATCC 35406), while only TLR4 was involved in IL-6 secretion by the other LPS. Finally, VEGF-A synthesis did not require TLR signalling. CONCLUSION: Porphyromonas endodontalis and P. gingivalis LPS induced angiogenesis via TLR2 and TLR4. Collectively, these data contribute to understanding the role of LPS from Porphyromonas spp. in angiogenesis and TLR involvement.

Suppression of Chitin-Triggered Immunity by Plant Fungal Pathogens: A Case Study of the Cucurbit Powdery Mildew Fungus Podosphaera xanthii.

Fungal pathogens are significant plant-destroying microorganisms that present an increasing threat to the world's crop production. Chitin is a crucial component of fungal cell walls and a conserved MAMP (microbe-associated molecular pattern) that can be recognized by specific plant receptors, activating chitin-triggered immunity. The molecular mechanisms underlying the perception of chitin by specific receptors are well known in plants such as rice and Arabidopsis thaliana and are believed to function similarly in many other plants. To become a plant pathogen, fungi have to suppress the activation of chitin-triggered immunity. Therefore, fungal pathogens have evolved various strategies, such as prevention of chitin digestion or interference with plant chitin receptors or chitin signaling, which involve the secretion of fungal proteins in most cases. Since chitin immunity is a very effective defensive response, these fungal mechanisms are believed to work in close coordination. In this review, we first provide an overview of the current understanding of chitin-triggered immune signaling and the fungal proteins developed for its suppression. Second, as an example, we discuss the mechanisms operating in fungal biotrophs such as powdery mildew fungi, particularly in the model species Podosphaera xanthii, the main causal agent of powdery mildew in cucurbits. The key role of fungal effector proteins involved in the modification, degradation, or sequestration of immunogenic chitin oligomers is discussed in the context of fungal pathogenesis and the promotion of powdery mildew disease. Finally, the use of this fundamental knowledge for the development of intervention strategies against powdery mildew fungi is also discussed.

[Relationship between body composition and the risk of non-communicable chronic diseases in active older women from Chillán (Chile).] / Relación entre la composición corporal y el riesgo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en mujeres mayores activas de Chillán (Chile).

OBJECTIVE: In Chile, the elderly represent 18% of the population. In women, the aging process impacts body composition, in addition to the coexistence of other pathologies such as chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). The aim of the study was to relate body composition to the presence of chronic noncommunicable diseases in active older women in the city of Chillán. METHODS: The sample consisted of 284 women belonging to senior centers in Chillán. Body composition was determined by bioimpedanciometry. Sociodemographic information, prevalent pathologies, geriatric syndromes and physical activity were determined by means of a validated questionnaire. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics in STATA 15.0 software with an α<0.05. RESULTS: Of the sample, 63% were under seventy-five years of age, 77.5% had less than twelve years of schooling, the predominant socioeconomic level was low, and the poor perception of health was mainly referred to as well as the use of regular medication. Arterial hypertension (AHT) and hypercholesterolemia were prevalent with 70.4% and 48.2% respectively. Body mass index (BMI) was 29.7±4.8 and 71.8% had excess malnutrition. The group older than seventy-five years presented more body fat (BMF) and extracellular water (ECW). AHT was related to higher BMI, TGM, MBC (Mean Arm Circumference), PC (Calf Circumference) and ECW (p<0.05), while Diabetes mellitus was related to BMI and MBC. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension is the most frequent pathology and is related to higher BMI, MGT, CMB, CP and ECW, followed by DM2 which is related to BMI and CMB.

OBJETIVO: En Chile, las personas mayores representan el 18% de la población. En mujeres, el proceso de envejecimiento impacta sobre la composición corporal, además de coexistir con otras patologías como enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT). El objetivo del estudio fue relacionar la composición corporal con la presencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en mujeres mayores activas de la ciudad de Chillán. METODOS: La muestra quedó compuesta por 284 mujeres pertenecientes a centros de adultos mayores de Chillán. La composición corporal se determinó por bioempidenciometría. La información sociodemográfica, las patologías prevalentes, los síndromes geriátricos y la actividad física se recabó mediante cuestionario validado. Los datos se analizaron con estadística descriptiva e inferencial en el software STATA 15.0 con un α<0,05. RESULTADOS: De la muestra, el 63% tenía menos de setenta y cinco años, 77,5% presentó una escolaridad por debajo de los doce años, el nivel socioeconómico predominante fue bajo, y la mala percepción de salud fue referida mayoritariamente al igual que el uso regular de medicamentos. La hipertensión arterial (HTA) y la hipercolesterolemia fueron prevalentes con un 70,4% y un 48,2%, respectivamente. El Índice de masa corporal (IMC) fue de 29,7±4,8 y el 71,8% tenía malnutrición por exceso. El grupo mayor a setenta y cinco años presentó más grasa corporal (MGT) y agua extracelular (AEC). La HTA se relacionó con mayor IMC, MGT, CMB (Circunferencia Media del Brazo), CP (Circunferencia de Pantorrilla) y AEC (p<0,05), mientras que la Diabetes mellitus con el IMC y la CMB. CONCLUSIONES: La hipertensión es la patología más frecuente y se relaciona con mayor IMC, MGT, CMB, CP y AEC, siguiéndole la DMII, que se relaciona con el IMC y la CMB.

Alta prevalencia de malnutrición por déficit e inseguridad alimentaria en pm institucionalizadas en establecimientos de larga estadía (ELEAM) de las comunas de Chillán y Chillán Viejo, Chile

El acceso y disponibilidad a alimentos seguros y nutritivos, es prioritario para obtener una buena nutrición, con el fin de mejorar la salud y calidad de vida de las personas mayores (PM). El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de malnutrición por déficit e inseguridad alimentaria en PM institucionalizadas en ELEAM, de las comunas de Chillán y Chillán Viejo, Región de Ñuble. Estudio descriptivo que incluyó a 63 personas de 65-96 años, residentes en 7 ELEAM de las comunas de Chillán y Chillán Viejo que aceptaron participar del estudio. Se evaluó el estado nutricional mediante Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), circunferencia braquial (CB), perímetro de pantorrilla (PP); y se aplicó Escala de Seguridad Alimentaria adaptada y validada. La información se analizó con estadística descriptiva uni y bivariada según tipo de variables. El grupo estuvo conformado mayoritariamente por mujeres (74,6%). La situación nutricional más prevalente fue la malnutrición por déficit (42,9%), seguida por el estado nutricional normal (31,7%). La CB mostró valores promedios de 26,9±3,5 cm en las mujeres y de 26,8±4,5 cm en los hombres; según PP el 39,6% presentó déficit de masa muscular. La seguridad alimentaria estuvo presente en el 20,6% de los encuestados y la inseguridad alimentaria en el 79,3%. Se concluye que las PM pertenecientes a los ELEAM estudiados, presentaron mayoritariamente malnutrición por déficit, e inseguridad alimentaria, lo que no contribuye a una mejor salud del grupo estudiado.

Access to and availability of sufficient, safe, and nutritious food is a priority for quality nutrition for the health and quality of life of the elderly. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of undernutrition due to food deficit and insecurity in institutionalized elderly individuals in long-term care facilities (ELEAM) in the communes of Chillán and Chillán Viejo, Ñuble Region, Chile. This descriptive study included 63 individuals aged 65-96 residing in seven ELEAM in the communes of Chillán and Chillán Viejo that accepted to participate. Nutritional status was evaluated by Body Mass Index (IMC), mid-arm circumference (MAC), and calf perimeter (CP); and an adapted and validated Food Security Scale was applied. The information was analyzed using univariate and bivariate descriptive statistics by type of variable. The group consisted mainly of women (74.6%). The most prevalent nutritional status was deficit malnutrition (42.9%), followed by normal nutritional status (31.7%). CB showed mean values of 26.9 ± 3.5 cm in women and 26.8± 4.5 cm in men; according to CP, 39.6% presented a deficit of muscular mass. Food security and insecurity were present in 20.6% and 79.3% of the respondents, respectively. It was concluded that the elderly belonging to the ELEAMs studied presented mostly deficit malnutrition, and food insecurity, which does not contribute to the better health of the group studied.